MARPOL CONVENTION 1973/78:
Origins of the convention – MARPOL is an international convention for the prevention of pollution from ships. The original MARPOL was signed on 17 February 1973, but did not come into force at the signing date. The current convention is the combination of 1973 convention and 1978 protocol. The protocol was introduced after the spate tanker accidents that happened between 1976 and 1977. It entered into force on 02 October 1983. There are 154 state parties in the convention, 50 of them being African countries. There are irregular meetings held by Contracting Parties.
Advantages: MARPOL is helpful for creating awareness and reducing dumping because there is monitoring.
Challenges: Some countries can attend meetings and not implement rules when coming back from the meetings.